Background info on Physco biology and culture

From Plant Ontology Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search

Back to Physco_growth_conditions_mapped_to_EO

Physcomitrella patens is a monoecious moss, which requires simple growth conditions for the completion of its life cycle. Moss gametophytes exist in two morphologically distinct forms: the juvenile filamentous tissue called protonema and the adult leafy tissue called gametophore. However, the molecular mechanism for the transition from the juvenile (protonema) to the adult (gametophore) stage is not precisely known.


P. patens life cycle

Prigge Dev 2010 Fig. 2


P. patens life cycle. (A) A haploid spore germinates into (B) chloronemal cells, which continue to grow and differentiate into (C) caulonemal cells.

(D) Gametophores, or shoots, emerge off protonemal filaments and are ultimately anchored by rhizoids that grow by tip growth from the base of the gametophore.

(E) At the apex of the gametophore, both female, archegonia (arrows), and male, antheridia (arrowheads), organs form.

A motile flagellate sperm fertilizes the egg and the (F) sporophyte (marked with a bracket) develops at the apex of the gametophore.



Here is another good site that show the Physco Lifecycle and various structures.

Link to Moss life cycles

Some PO terms:

not an exhaustive list...

  • archegonium (PO:0025126): A plant gametangium that produces an archegonium egg cell that is located in it.
  • antheridia (PO:0025125): A plant gametangium that produces antheridium sperm cells that are located in it.

Comment: An antheridium has a sterile jacket layer that does not produce sperm cells.

  • brachycyte (PO:0030058): A plant cell that develops from a cell in a protonema and has a thick cell wall. Comments: A brachycyte is a drought tolerant cell that can act as a gemma and may give rise to a new plant. Cells of a protonema may develop into brachycytes under stress. May form a chain or be separated by tmema cells.
  • chloronema cell (PO:0030001): A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a chloronema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are perpendicular to the protonema axis. Comments: A chloronema cell contains many well-developed chloroplasts.
  • caulonema (PO:0030005): A portion of protonema tissue that consists of only caulonema cells.

Comment: Generally, the development of caulonema follows the development of chloronema. Only the caulonema, and not the chloronema, initiates gametophore buds.

  • caulonema cell (PO:0030002): A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a caulonema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are oblique to the protonema axis. Contains fewer chloroplasts.
  • caulonema meristematic apical cell (PO:0030081): A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a caulonema. The chloronemata to caulonemata transition is controlled by plant hormones- mainly auxins
  • gametophore (PO:0030018): A shoot system that consists of the shoot axes and non-vascular leaves of a plant in the gametophytic phase. The gametophore has non-vascular leaflets.
  • non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075): A leaf in a non-vascular plant. Comment: Include moss and liverwort leaves. Occurs in the gametophytic phase of a plant life cycle.
  • paraphysis (PO:0030070): A slender multicellular trichome that grows between the gametangia. Comment: Usually multiseriate. Found in bryophytes and pteridophytes,
  • protonema (PO:0030003): A portion of chlorenchyma tissue that develops directly from a spore and grows by division of an apical cell to form filaments that are one cell wide and dicotomously branching.
  • spore (PO:0025017): A plant cell that arises through meiosis and develops into a gametophyte.
  • tmema cell (PO:0030059):A plant cell at the base of a gemma or adjacent to a brachycyte that breaks down to allow abscission of the gemma or brachycyte. Comments: May be a single cell adjacent to a brachycyte or part of a portion of tmema tissue.

Useful references:

  • Nishiyama,et al. (2003). Comparative genomics of Physcomitrella patens gametophytic transcriptome and Arabidopsis thaliana: Implication for land plant evolution. PNAS, 100, 8007 -8012. (link)
  • Rensing, et al. (2008). The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants. Science, 319, 64-69. (link)
  • Mosquna A, Katz A, Decker EL, Rensing SA, Reski R, Ohad N (2009) Regulation of stem cell maintenance by the Polycomb protein FIE has been conserved during land plant evolution. Development 136: 2433 –2444 (link)
  • Wolf, L., Rizzini, L., Stracke, R., Ulm, R., and Rensing, S. A. (2010). The Molecular and Physiological Responses of Physcomitrella patens to Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Plant Physiology, 153, 1123 -1134.(link)
  • Prigge, M. J. and Bezanilla, M. (2010). Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Physcomitrella patens. Development, 137, 3535 -3543. (link)
  • Cui, et al (2011). Proteome analysis of Physcomitrella patens exposed to progressive dehydration and rehydration. Journal of Experimental Botany. link
Retrieved from "http://wiki.plantontology.org/index.php?title=Background_info_on_Physco_biology_and_culture&oldid=20528"