POC Conf. Call 4-19-11
POC meeting, Webex Conference Call; Date: Tuesday Apr 19th, 2011 10am (PDT)
In attendance:
POC members:
Absent:
Collaborators:
Acceptance of the minutes from the POC_Conf._Call_4-12-11?
Tech issues:
*Update on the OBO to OWL conversion:
JE now has an owl version of the live plant_ontology file that has the definitions and other information. It is available at: http://palea.cgrb.oregonstate.edu/svn/Poc/tags/live/plant_ontology.owl
Still working with Damon and Shuly on getting the SSWAP components to work properly from their end.
'PO will host the owl file and the sswap components of it (?), they have software that enables us to do it. (need more accurate details)
* progress on has_parts?
JE still needs a test file that has fewer terms and annotations, because testing with the live version takes about 10 hours to load.
*Changing the namespace from Plant Structure Ontology (PSO) to Plant Anatomy Ontology (PAO)
This was discussed at the POC_Conf._Call_3-29-11
Action taken: -LC talked with CM, we all agreed that it would not be too much of an issue to do so.
-Change was made in the plant_ontology.OBO development file, version #1068 and on the SourceForge term tracker "group"
-Still needs to be changed on the PO webpage and in other spots where the individual files are linked to (such as Bioportal)- so it should also change in those places.
-Will also need to be changed on the AmiGO Browser (eg search page)- how difficult is this?
JE was able to modiy the drop down menu on the Amigo browser to say "plant anatomy" instead of "plant structure" while spoke.
BS brought up the topic of review for OBO Foundry acceptance. Asked if we have one ontology or two? We have one, because all have same id space. We have been using the word namespace to mean a branch of the ontology, which is really a line in the obo stanze generated by OboEdit. Namespace may mean something different in the Obo Foundry. The default namespace for the PO is still plant ontology. We should be careful in how we refer to parts of the PO. For example, GO has been merged into one file, but old literature says there were three ontologies, so that is how people still talk about it. BS will send a copy of OBO foundry principles so we can check if we are in compliance and what needs to be done.
Issues arising from last week's meeting:
plant embryo (PO:0009009)
current definition: A whole plant in the post-zygotic stage that does not yet consist of fully differentiated tissues.
Comment: Adventitious embryos and somatic embryos do not arise from zygotes. Cultured embryos (PO:0000010), including haploid embryos, are in vitro plant structures. Embryos occur prior to germination in vascular plants.
This is not really consistent with the fact that we have tissues like embryonic epidermis and embryonic cortex.
Logically, an embryo could be treated like a sporophyte or gametophyte, that is, a whole plant in the embryonic life cycle phase. However, since we don't have embryonic phase yet, and so much research is done on embryos, it seems appropriate to pre-compose the term embryo and use that for now.
Proposed definition of plant embryo: A whole plant in the early part of a sporophytic phase after the first cell division.
Comment: An embryo is generally formed after the first division of a zygote, but in the case of adventitious embryos, somatic embryos, embryos that arise through apogamy and cultured haploid embryos, it is formed after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. In seed plants, the embryonic phase ends with germination. In non-seed plants and cultured embryos of seed plants, the end of the embryonic phase is less clearly defined and varies among taxa.
Proposed definition is workable for now. In the comment, we should be more specific about the end of the embryonic phase in different taxa, to the extent that we know about it. We discussed that the word 'early' is quite vague, but we can't say pre-seedling stage- restricted to seed plants
We discussed the possibility of describing the end of the embryonic phase as 'before any organs or non-embryonic organs are formed'. Problems: Cotyledons are formed in pteridophyte organs (and many seed plants too), and they are organs. Also, the foot in a bryophyte or pteridophyte organ.
embryo??
new proposed comment: An embryo is generally formed after the first division of a zygote, but in the case of adventitious embryos, somatic embryos, other embryos that arise through apogamy, and cultured haploid embryos, it is formed after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryonic phase varies among taxa. In seed plants, the embryonic phase ends with germination. In pteridophytes, the embryonic phase ends with the formation of the first true leaf after the cotyledon(s). In bryophytes, the embryonic phase ends when the apical cell stops dividing, which is when the sporangium begins to develop.
- on 4-12-11, PJ suggested we could add zygotic embryo- the one in the seed and also a cultured one. Also, we need haploid embryo as child of cultured embryo? Do haploid embryos ever form in nature?
Can we say when the embryonic phase ends for cultured embryos? Yes, when roots and shoots form
Other issues:
Adventitious embryos, somatic embryos, embryos that arise through apogamy, and cultured haploid embryos, embryos cannot be considered in the sporophytic phase (as it it defined now), since they are not the product of fertilization.
Suggest that we rework the definition of sporophytic phase with a comment about apogamy. see SF tracker and/or future meeting:
adventitious embryo (PO:0004537): Embryo derived directly from nucellus cells without involving embryo sac cells
need to revise the def'n: Proposed revised def'n: A plant embryo derived directly from nucellus cells without involving embryo sac cells.
Is this always true? Need to check on it.
It was suggested that adventitious embryo should be a synonym for zygotic embryo, or maybe a child of zygotic embryo. LC pointed out that adventitious embryos are really those embryos that arise where embryos normally would not arise, i.e.: on the edges of leaves on Kalanchoe or ferns. There was general agreement on this. did you mean Somatic embryo???
BS pointed out that the name 'cultured zygotic embryo' is a little misleading, because it implies that it is an embryo that is a zygote. May want to rename "zygote-derived embryo" or similar, but should keep zygotic embryo as synonym because it is widely use. DS pointed out that these are all really embryos that are derived from apogamy, so we could use that in the definition.
this statement needs to be clarified
cultured plant embryo and its children
*cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010):
Current Def’n: In vitro isolated and maintained mature or immature zygotic embryos, somatic embryos or haploid embryos (derived from male gametophyte). [source: TAIR:ki] Comment: None
Rename: cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010)
Proposed def’n: A plant embryo that is grown or maintained in vitro.
Comment: Includes isolated and maintained mature or immature zygotic embryos, somatic embryos or haploid embryos (derived from male gametophyte).
parentage: is_a plant embryo (PO:0009009) and is_a in vitro plant structure
PJ: We should we have a cultured zygotic embryo, any annotation to cultured ZE should go there
*cultured somatic embryo: (PO:0000011): Child of cultured plant embryo
Current Def’n: An embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells in vitro, rather than from fused haploid gametes, i.e., zygote.
Proposed def’n: A plant somatic embryo that is grown or maintained in vitro.
new proposed def’n: A plant embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells in vitro, rather than from the zygote or from gametes.
is_a: plant embryo
from 4-12-11: If cultured plant embryo is to be a child of embryo, we will need to adjust definition of embryo. Should talk to Melissa Haendel about how they handle haploid and diploid embryos in Zebrafish.
See new proposed definition of embryo above.
embryonic plant structures
Definition of embryonic plant structure:
embryonic plant structure (PO:0025099): A plant structure that is part of an embryo.
Comment: Includes organs, tissues and cell types that are unique to embryos, not plant structures that can occur in both embryos and mature plant structures.
Changed definition from "proper part of" to "part of", so it would be consistent with the intersection of term. Think part_of is better anyway, because technically an embryo is an embryonic plant structure.
We discussed how to deal with structures that are part of an embryo when the plant is in the embryonic phase but are also part of a plant after it passes out of the embryonic phase, like hypocotyl root junction or coleorhiza.
Ideally, we would define embryonic plant structure as "A plant structure that is part of an embryo when a plant is in the embryonic phase," but we don't have a mechanism whereby the reasoner could infer that. Humans may know that a radicle is part of an embryo when the plant is an embryo and part of a seedling when a plant is a seedling, but the reasoner could only infer it after an annotation is made, and only if the user specified the phase that the structure was taken from. Since we can't count on that, and we don't yet have embryonic phase and seedling phase, it is not a practical solution for now.
An alternative solution is to specify sibling terms like embryonic radicle and seedling radicle, with the correct part_of or participates_in relations. We will try this, because there are only 5-10 terms where this should be necessary. We should add appropriate develops from relations (e.g., seedling radicle develops_from embyronic radicle).
Some terms were left as is_a children of embryonic plant structure:
embryo proper (PO:0000001): An embryonic plant structure that is the body of a developing embryo attached to the maternal tissue in an ovule by a suspensor.
scutellum (PO:0020110): An embryonic plant structure that is a more or less shield-shaped and absorptive portion of an embryo of Poaceae.
suspensor (PO:0020108): An embryonic plant structure at the base of an embryo that develops from a basal cell and connects an embryo proper to the wall of a megagametophyte.
New definitions for embryonic plant cells and tissues
Both now have cross-product definitions, and no asserted is_a children
embryonic plant cell (PO:0025028): A plant cell that is part of an embryo.
is_a embryonic plant structure, intersection_of: is_a plant cell, intersection_of: part_of embryo
Made apical cell (PO:0004000, now embryonic apical cell) is_a apical cell part_of embryo (still dev_from zygote). Should probably obsolete and replace with new term to avoid confusion
Made basal cell (PO:0002002, now embryonic basal cell) is_a plant cell, part of embryo (still dev_from zygote)
Made hypophysis (PO:0020109, now embryonic hypophysis) is_a plant cell, part_of embryo.
(portion of) embryonic plant tissue (PO:0025233): A portion of plant tissue that is part of an embryo.
is_a embryonic plant structure, intersection_of: is_a portion of plant tissue, intersection_of: part_of embryo
Should we add the portion of prefix to the name?
coleorhiza (PO:0020034), embryo cortex (PO:0005014), embryo epidermis (PO:0005015), embryonic shoot apical meristem (PO:0006362), epiblast (PO:0020036), scutellar epithelium (PO:0008048), and scutellum epidermis (PO:0006049) are now inferred children of embryonic plant tissue.
Technically, we could get rid of the is_a embryonic plant structure relation for both, because it would be inferred, but is makes it easier to work with the reasoner off when the relations are there.
Here is a picture of some plant tissues, to show how it works:
Proposed changes/questions for structures that were is_a embryonic plant structure:
coleoptile (PO:0020033): A tubular (embryonic) plant structure developed at the junction of the cotyledonary sheath with the seedling axis, and surrounding the plumule of a monocot embryo or seedling. [APWeb:Glossary]
We do not have the term cotyledonary sheath in the PO, and, according to Beentje (the Kew Plant Glossary), the coleoptile is the cotyledonary sheath. Also, the coleoptile persists after germination, so it is not an embryonic plant structure. According to Esau, the coleoptile has stomata, which means it has an epidermis, and this consists of two or more tissue types. This makes it a plant organ, even though many authors casually refer to it as a tissue.
Proposed definition: A plant organ (phyllome?) that surrounds the plumule of an embryo or the emerging shoot apex of a seedling. [ISBN:9781842464229, ISBN: 0471244554]
Comment: Found in grasses. Develops at the first node above the scutellum, and thus is often thought to be the first leaf. Protects the emerging shoot system as it grows through the soil.
coleorhiza (PO:0020034): A portion of plant tissue surrounding the radicle in the embryo or seedling of some monocots. [APWeb:Glossary]
Currently part_of embryo, but it is also part of the seedling. It develops in the embryo, but persists after germination to protect the embryonic root. Suggest removing part_of plant embryo relation. The coleorhiza, like the coleoptile, has an epidermis (and root hairs), and thus should be classified as a plant organ, even though many authors casually refer to it as a tissue.
Proposed definition: A plant organ that surrounds the radicle in the embryo and seedling.
Comment: Found in grasses and some other monocots. Protects the emerging embryonic root.
hypocotyl (PO:0020100): The part of the stem below the cotyledonary node and transitional to a root, found in a young sporophyte. [APWeb:Glossary]
currently is_a cardinal organ part, propose is_a stem internode (we didn't have this term before but do now)
Proposed definition: A stem internode that is the part of a stem below the cotyledonary node and transitional to a root.
is_a stem internode
epicotyl (PO:0020035): The first internode of a stem above the hypocotyl. In literature also used for the entire embryonic axis, consisting of several internodes, above the cotyledonary node. [APWeb:Glossary]
currently is_a embryonic plant structure, propose is_a stem internode (PO:0005005). Also, the second part of the current definition only adds ambiguity. Need to define it more precisely.
Proposed definition: The first stem internode above a hypocotyl. [Esau]
Comment: The epicotyl is the first internode of a stem above the cotyledons.
mesocotyl (PO:0020037): The internode between the cotyledon or cotyledons and the leaf or leaves at the next node of a young sporophyte.
This definition sounds like the same thing as an epicotyl. Esau says the mesocotyl is the plant axis between the scutellum and the coleoptile and that in grasses, the scutellum is generally thought to represent the cotyledon and the coleoptile to represent the first leaf. In that case, the mesocotyl (as the axis between the scutellum and the coleoptile), is analogous (or homologous) to the epicotyl in dicots and other monocots. In grasses, the hypocotyl is not visible, except perhaps as the scutellar node.
For a picture, see http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/GerminationEvents.html
Proposed definition: A shoot internode that is the part of an embryo axis or the stem of a seedling above the scutellum and below the coleoptile. [Easu]
Comment: Occurs in grasses. In grasses, the hypocotyl and cotyledon may not be visible and may be represented by the scutellar node and scutellum, making the mesocotyl similar to the epicotyl in other taxa. Elongation of the mesocotyl during seedling growth pushes the coleoptile above the soil surface.
hypocotyl-root junction PO:0004724: A cardinal organ part that is the part of an embryonic axis where the radicle joins the hypocotyl.
Moved to is_a cardinal organ part. Will automatically be is_a embryonic plant structure b/c it is part of embryonic axis. May want to remove this relation. The hypocotyl-root junction remains after germination. Or, perhaps we should keep it, because this structure is really only referred to during the embryonic phase.
Proposed definition: A cardinal organ part that is the part of a plant axis (or embryonic axis) where the radicle joins the hypocotyl.
Proposed synonym: transition zone (Bell and Bryan 2008, and others)
plumule(PO:0020032): A somewhat differentiated terminal bud in several embryo types above the cotyledonary node, in which one or more internodes and leaves or scales can be discerned in a primordial stage.
made is_a terminal bud, part_of embryo
scutellar node (PO:0004708): The region in of an embryo axis between the primary root (enclosed in the coleorhiza) and the plumule (enclosed in the coleoptile) to which the scutellum is attached. [MaizeGDB:lv]
Sounds like it should be is_a stem node. Also, the region between the primary root and the plumule contains the mesocotyl as well as the scutellar node.
Proposed definition: A stem node that is the part of an embryo axis directly above the radicle where the scutellum is attached.
Comment: Found in grasses, where no hypocotyl is present. The scutellar node may represent a reduced hopocotyl and cotelydonary node.
is_a stem node, part_of embryo axis
embryonic root (PO:0000045): An embryonic plant structure that is a root that is initiated in a developing embryo. [TAIR:ki]
Propose that this should be is_a root instead of is_a embryonic plant structure, b/c it is not necessarily part of an embryo.
Proposed definition: A root that is initiated in a developing embryo.
radicle (PO:0020031): The radicle is the basal continuation of the hypocotyl in an embryo and gives rise to the root system of the adult plant; sometimes more or less abortive. is_a embryonic root [APWeb:Glossary]
Proposed definition: An embryonic root that is the basal continuation of a hypocotyl in an embryo and may develop into the root system of an adult plant.
Comment: Sometimes abortive.
remove part_of embryo axis, because it persists after germination.
embryonic leaf (PO:0006338): One of the first few leaves to develop from the embryonic shoot apical meristem [GR:pj].
Is this an embryonic plant structure, that is, is it always part of the embryo?
Proposed definition: A vascular leaf that is one of the first few leaves to develop from the embryonic shoot apical meristem and is part of an embryo.
is_a vascular leaf,
Should this really be part_of embryo? Do these leaves persist after germination?
Collective plant structures:
vascular and non-vascular shoot systems
The Moss Ontology did not request these terms, but we may want to add them in order to classify shoot systems.
non-vascular shoot system (PO:0030017): A shoot system that does not have as part vascular tissue.
comment: Does not have any xylem of phloem, but may have other conducting cells, such hydroids or leptoids. Can occur in both the gametophytic and sporophytic phases of non-vascular plants.
subset for bryophytes
Could we use the relation "lacks_part"? Then we could define this class using intersection_of relations, which would be better. CL has used this (lack_plasma_membrane_part). Works better in OWL; translates into something like has_part exactly 0 (some Y).
Child of non-vascular shoot system will be gametophore (see below). A moss sporophyte could also be called a non-vascular shoot system. If we used the lacks_part relation and intersection_of relations, we could make gameotophore a child of shoot system, and the reasoner would infer it was a non-vascular shoot system.
Can't use participates_in gametophytic phase, because the sporophyte of a bryophyte might also be considered a non-vascular shoot system.
vascular shoot system (PO:0030016): A shoot system that has as part vascular tissue.
comment: Has xylem and/or phloem. Occurs only in the sporophytic phase of vascular plants.
participates_in sporophytic phase, has_part vascular system
If we accept these terms, suggest changing definitions of vascular leaf (PO:0009025) and non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075) to "A leaf that is part of a vascular/non-vascular shoot system. This would be better than the current definitions which reference their taxonomy (part of a vascular or non-vascular plant) and would help with reasoning.
root-bourne shoot system (PO:0004544) should be is_a vascular shoot system
gametophore (PO:0030018)
Definition supplied by Moss Ontology: The leafy moss plant. The gametophore is the adult form of the moss gametophyte and bearer of the sex organs (gametangia). Ref: Reski (1998): Development, genetics and molecular biology of mosses. Botanica Acta 111, 1-15.
Suggest is_a shoot system.
Proposed def.: A non-vascular shoot system that consists of the shoot axes and non-vascular leaves of a plant in the gametophytic phase.
participates_in gametophytic phase, develops_from gametophore bud
Comment: A gametophore is the leafy part of the gametophyte of mosses and leafy liverworts, excluding the protonema. Develop from buds that form on the protonema. Antheridia and archegonia arise on the gametophore.
subset for bryophytes
gametophore bud (PO:0030026)
The term "bud" has been requested: Def'n supplied by Moss Ontology: A structure produced by a caulonema and able to develop into a gametophore or a stem that includes an apical cell able to develop into a gametophore. The earliest recognizable stage of gametophore development. Ref: Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition and altered by David Cove
Suggest a new term gametophore bud. This could be a child of bud (PO:0000055: An undeveloped shoot system).
Proposed def'n: A vegetative bud that develops into a gametophore.
Comment: Occurs in mosses and leafy liverworts. Develops from a caulonema cell in mosses.
participates_in gametophytic phase, has_part gametophore apical cell
synonym: brown bud
thallus (PO:0030027)
From Parihar: A simple vegetative plant body not differentiated into root, stem and leaf, and lacking vascular tissues.
From Schofeld: A flattened gametophore in which no leaf-like organs dominate the structure.
Saying a thallus is a gametophore implies that it is a shoot system and therefore a collective plant structure (CPS). As a CPS, it must have more that one organ. This is not true for a thallus (sometime they branch, so you could say they have multiple axes, but it is a stretch. Maybe better to classify it as a whole plant.
proposed def: A whole plant in the gametophytic phase that has a flat growth form and no distinct organs.
Comment: A thallus is a gametophyte of liverworts and pteridophytes and develops from a short-lived protonema. Roughly two dimensional growth results from division of a single apical cell. Thalli may be ribbon or heart shaped or almost filamentous. Although there are no distinct organs, there may be tissue differentiation and dichotomous branching.
Add prothallium as a broad synonym of thallus and as a narrow synonym of whole plant.
Other gametophyte terms
We need to keep in mind terms for other types of gametophytes, such as the subterranean, heterotrophic gametophytes of some ferns. RW, DWS, and MAG will maintain a list of terms that we don't need to add yet, but may want to add as time allows or need demands. Can use this list, for example, for writing a renewal of things that still need to be done.
Upcoming meetings 2011:
2011 Semantic Web Workshop June 6th and 7th, Santa Fe, NM.
Hosted by Damian Gessler and the iPlant Collaborative, this two-day workshop will focus on biological applications for semantic web services.
-JE and JP will be attending
-JE has already worked with Damian to implement a SSWAP web service for PO terms, so further collaboration with him and iPlant will benefit the POC going forward.
For more Workshop details: Semantic web.
* ICBO 2011 Second International Conference on Biomedical Ontology
July 26-30, 2011
Buffalo, New York
LC is co-organizing the workshop "From Fins to Limbs to Leaves: Facilitating anatomy ontology interoperability" along with Melissa Haendel, Chris Mungall, Alan Ruttenberg, David Osumi-Sutherland.
Full-Day Workshops Schedule:
July 26 9am-6pm The Ontological Representation of Adverse Events: Working with Multiple Biomedical Ontologies
July 27 8.30am-4pm Facilitating Anatomy Ontology Interoperability
July 26 6.30pm-9pm Evening Workshop: Common Logic
July 27 4pm-8pm Evening Workshop: Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Consortium
- LC will attend and represent the PO. Invite other plant people?
*Plant Biology 2011, Aug 6-10th, Minneapolis, Minn
Early-bird registration ends May 13.
Gramene will be putting together a workshop again, focusing on pathways. PJ will present a PO poster.
TAIR (Kate Dreher) is organizing an Outreach Booth and we are invited to take part.
For inclusion on the program memory stick and in the program book, abstracts must be submitted by May 27.
* International Botanical Congress (IBC2011)
July 23rd-30th 2011, Melbourne, Australia
Registration is open Important dates
Symposium 'Bio-Ontologies for the Plant Sciences' under the Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics theme, wiil be held on Thursday, 27 July, from 13:30 to 15:30.
Dennis, Alejandra, Pankaj and Ramona are planning to attend.
See IBC 2011 Bio-Ontologies Symposium wiki page for more details
