POC Conf. Call 3-29-11
POC meeting, Webex Conference Call; Date: Tuesday Mar 29th, 2011 10am (PDT)
In attendance:
POC members:
Absent:
Collaborators:
Acceptance of the minutes from the POC_Conf._Call_3-22-11?
Issues arising from last week's meeting:
Anything re. technical issues?
Need to confirm that the reciprocal part_of and has_part relations were what was actually cause the problem with loading the obo file onto our browser with annotations.
-Right now, the dev browser appears to be stripping out the has part relations when it loads automatically every night. Would be good to be able see the has_part relations in the dev browser for editing purposes.
-JE tried to load the dev browser with the current plant_ontology.obo file with only one reciprocal part_of/has_part relation, but no other known problems, and it would not load.
-Will try today with only had_part relations (no reciprocals) and see if that works.
Proposed new definitions from last week's meeting:
plant gametangium (PO:0025124): A plant organ that produces one or more gametes that are located in it and is part of a whole plant in the gametophytic phase.
participates in gametophytic phase, only_in_taxon bryophytes plus pteridophytes plus gymnosperms (=never_in_taxon angiosperms)
-Should not say disjoint_from megagametophyte, because we will define megagametophyte such that archegonium is a part of it (see below).
-We used "located in" rather than "contained in." Contained_in is used when an organism has a cavity or space that contains some material object that is not part of it (such as a fetus in a womb). Located_in is used when one class located in another is also part of the class it is located in. We will use located in for the same reason a human mother's egg is part of the mother rather than contained in the mother. Also, we can put pictures on Plantsystematics.org that show gametangium development, and show how the egg cell derives from one of the same population of cells as the rest of the gametangium.
-New subsets were added for bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms, in addition to the subset for angiosperms. Will put terms in proper subset(s) until we can use the only_in taxon relation.
-Added new relation participates_in.
Question: If a parent term (e.g., plant gametangium) has a participates_in relation, do we need to specify participates_in relation for all its children (e.g., archegonium and antheridium), or will the reasoner know to apply the relation to the children?
antheridium: A plant gametangium that produces antheridium sperm cells that are located in it.
Comment: A antheridium has a single outer layer of non-sperm producing cells called the sterile jacket layer and sporagenous cells on the interior. There are no antheridia in seed plants.
only_in_taxon bryophytes plus pteridophytes (or never_in taxon seed plants), add relation sterile jacket layer part_of antheridium
archegonium: A plant gametangium that produces an archegonium egg cell that is located in it.
Comment: There are no archegonia in angiosperms or Gnetum or Weltwischia.
only_in_taxon bryophytes plus pteridophytes plus gymnosperms (never_in taxon angiosperms, Gnetum and Weltwischia)
Note: there are no examples of unicellular archegonia in the green algae or land plants, so we don't need to worry about it
New terms and proposed definitions from last week's meeting
We should obsolete PO:0020092 megagametophyte and PO:0020091 microgametophyte, and create new terms that can encompass dioecious bryophyte gametophytes as well as the gametophytes in angiosperms. Embryo sac and pollen grain will be children of these terms, as well as archegonial megagatephyte and antheridial microgametophyte.
megagametophyte: A whole plant in the gametophytic phase that produces only egg cells.
Comment: Megagametophytes in bryophytes only produce egg cells, but do not develop from megaspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In some pteridophytes, megagametophytes develop from megaspores. In angiosperms, Gnetum and Weltwischia the megagametophyte is reduced to an embryo sac.
microgametophyte: A whole plant in the gametophytic phase that produces only sperm cells.
Comment: Microgametophytes in bryophytes only produce sperm cells, but do not develop from microspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In some pteridophytes, microgametophytes develop from microspores. In seed plants the male gametophyte is reduced to a pollen grain.
embryo sac (existing term, PO:0025074): A megagametophyte that is located in a nucellus (does this work for Gnetum?)
Comment: Produces an embryo sac egg cell.
develops_from megaspore, only_in_taxon angiosperm plus Gnetum plus Weltwischia?`
pollen: A microgametophyte that is located in a pollen sac.
Comment: Produces pollen sperm cells.
develops_from microspore, only_in_taxon seed plants
-Would pollen grain be a better name for this? Pollen implies all of the pollen grains, collectively.
archegonial megagametophyte: A megagametophyte that has as parts one or more archegonia.
Comment: Megagametophytes in bryophytes only produce egg cells, but do not develop from megaspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In some pteridophytes, megagametophytes develop from megaspores.
only_in_taxon bryophyte plus pteridophytes
antheridial microgametophute: A microgametophyte that has as parts one or more antheridia.
comment: Microgametophytes in bryophytes only produce sperm cells, but do not develop from microspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In some pteridophytes, microgametophytes develop from microspores.
only_in_taxon bryophyte plus pteridophytes
New definitions for egg and sperm cells from last week's meeting
archegonium egg cell (PO:0025122): An egg cell that is produced by and located in an archegonium.
only_in_taxon bryophytes plus pteridophytes plus gymnosperms (or never_in taxon angiosperms), part_of archegonium
embryo sac egg cell (PO:0025123): An egg cell that is produced by and located in an embryo sac.
only_in_taxon angiosperm plus Gnetum plus Weltwischia, part_of egg apparatus
antheridium sperm cell (PO:0025120): A sperm cell that is produced by and located in an antheridium.
only_in_taxon bryophytes plus pteridophytes (or never_in seed plants), part of antheridium
pollen sperm cell (PO:0025121): A sperm cell that is produced by and located in a pollen grain.
only_in_taxon seed plants, part_of pollen
Collective plant structures:
vascular and non-vascular shoot systems
non-vascular shoot system: A shoot system that does not contain vascular tissue.
comment: Does not have any xylem of phloem, but may have other conducting cells, such hydroids or leptoids. Can occur in both the gametophytic and sporophytic phases of non-vascular plants.
Child of vascular shoot system is gametophore (see below). Technically, the sporophyte of a bryphyte is also a non-vascular shoot system (since it doesn't have roots).
subsets for bryophytes and pteridophytes
vascular shoot system: A shoot system that has as part a vascular system.
comment: Has xylem and/or phloem. Occurs only in the sporophytic phase of vascular plants.
participates_in sporophytic phase
gametophore
Definition supplied by Moss Ontology: The leafy moss plant. The gametophore is the adult form of the moss gametophyte and bearer of the sex organs (gametangia). Ref: Reski (1998): Development, genetics and molecular biology of mosses. Botanica Acta 111, 1-15.
Suggest is_a shoot system.
Proposed def.: A non-vascular shoot system that consists of the shoot axes and non-vascular leaves of a plant in the gametophytic phase. participates_in gametophytic phase
Comment: A gametophore is the leafy part of a moss gametophyte, without the protonema. Gametophores develop from buds that form on the caulonema. Antheridia and archegonia arise on the gametophore.
What about leafy liverworts? Is that called a gametophore?
gametophore bud
The term "bud" has been requested: Def'n supplied by Moss Ontology: A structure produced by a caulonema and able to develop into a gametophore or a stem that includes an apical cell able to develop into a gametophore. The earliest recognizable stage of gametophore development. Ref: Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition and altered by David Cove
Suggest a new term gametophore bud. This could be a child of bud (PO:0000055: An undeveloped shoot system).
Proposed def'n: A bud that develops on a caulonema that develops into a gametophore. participates_in gametophytic phase
Comment: Occurs in mosses.
intersection_of is_a non-vascular shoot system.
apical cell
Moss Ontology has requested the term apical cell. Apical growth in byrophytes is via division of a single cell at the tip of the shoot apical meristem.
Non-seed vascular plants can also have an apical cell, that is a single dividing cell at the apex of a root or shoot.
We already have the term apical cell (PO:0004000), which is an embryonic cell: "An embryonic plant cell that is the uppermost cell formed after the first division of the zygote." The embryonic apical cell can also be found in non-angiosperms. Suggest renaming PO:0004000 embryonic apical cell for clarity and using the name apical cellfor the term described below. May want to obsolete PO:0004000 and replace with the two new terms, to avoid confusion in the names.
Definition of apical cell from Esau: The single initial cell in an apical meristem of root or shoot. Characteristic of many lower vascular plants.
Definition of apical cell from Crum: A single cell at the tip of a stem, leaf, leaf or other structure that divides repeatedly to form new cells; also known as an apical intial.
Is apical cell more consistent with meristematic cell (A cell synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall) or with initial cell (A meristematic cell that by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains meristematic, while the other is added to the plant body)? Probably meristematic cell, because the apical cell can give rise to more than two cells (because it can have three or four cutting faces).
Proposed def. of apical cell:A single meristematic cell at the tip of a shoot apex or root apex
Comment: Occurs in bryophytes and some pteridophytes, where apical growth results from division of a single meristematic cell located at the tip of the apical meristem, rather than from a population of meristematic cells located at the tip of the apical meristem. May be tetrahedral shaped, with three (in shoots) or four (in roots) cutting faces, or wedge shaped with two cutting faces (in non-vascular leaves).
Do we need separate terms for sporophytic apical cell and gametophytic apical cell?
gametophytic apical cell: A meristematic cell at the apex of a gametophore or non-vascular leaf.
Comment: Occurs in mosses and other bryophytes. participates_in gametophytic phase
sporophytic apical cell: An apical cell that is part of a shoot apical meristem of a plant in the sporophytic phase.
Comment: Occurs in Pteridophytes (and in the sporophyte of bryophytes?). participates_in sporophytic phase
Moss ontology also requested shoot apical cell and phyllid apical cell.
Proposed names and definitions:
gametophore apical cell: A gametophytic apical cell at the tip of a gametophore.
OR shoot axis apical cell: An apical cell at the tip of a shoot apical meristem. (could apply to mosses and ferns)
Comment: Divides to produces leaf initial cells and other stem tissues.
part_of shoot apical meristem
phyllid apical cell: A gametophytic apical cell at the tip of a non-vascular leaf.
Comment: Divides to produce non-vascular leaf tissues.
part_of non-vascular leaf
(ref: C. Jill Harrison et al. (2009): Local Cues and Asymmetric Cell Divisions Underpin Body Plan Transitions in the Moss Physcomitrella patens.)
Plant organs:
cauloid
- This is the term used for the gametophore stem or axis.
Suggest using gametophore axis as primary name, cauloid as synonym.
Proposed def'n: A shoot axis that is part of a gametophore. is_a plant axis, part_of gametophore
Synonyms: cauloid, gametophyte axis; participates_in gametophytic phase.
Also suggest adding terms for gametophore stem and gametophore branch.
gametophore stem: A stem that is part of a gametophore.
is_a stem, part_of gametophore, intersection_of gametophore axis
gametophore branch: A branch that is part of a gametophore.
is_a branch, part_of gametophore, intersection_of gametophore axis
-If the intersection_of relations are asserted in the end user's version (e.g. Amigo), users will see dual parentage.
perigonial bract
- The specialized phyllids surrounding the antheridia.
Ref: Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition (MO definition)
A bract (PO:0009055) is defined as: A phyllome, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a reproductive structure. [source: POC:curators] Comment: Often used to refer to what is called here floral bract.
Proposed def'n: A bract that subtends an antheridium. part_of gametophore, participates in gametophytic phase
Comment: When an antheridium occurs on a specialized lateral branch of the gametophore, all of the phyllomes on that branch are usually perigonial bracts. If an antheridium occurs on a main axis of the gametophore, usually only the terminal phyllomes are perigonial bracts.
foot
Moss Ontology definition: The base of the sporophytes in mosses
Proposed name and def.: sporophyte foot: A plant organ (?) that is the base of a whole plant in the sporophytic phase, below the seta, that attaches it to the gametophore. (ref: Schofeld)
Comment: Found in bryophytes. The sprophyte foot serves for both attachment and absorption. The outer portion of the foot is the absorptive haustorium. (From Crum)
participates_in sporophytic phase, has_part transfer cell, only_in_taxon bryophytes (I know this isn't a clade, will have to create a pseudo-clade).
- Should we add a term for sporophyte foot haustorium when we deal with portions of plant tissue or is the whole foot the haustorium?
These were not requested by the Physcomitrella group, but they are related to the terms above and are commonly used to describe mosses, so we should add them now.
perichaetal bract
Proposed def'n: A bract that subtends an archegonium. part_of gametophore
Comment: When an archegonium occurs on a specialized lateral branch of the gametophore, all of the phyllomes on that branch are usually parichaetal bracts. If an archegonium occurs on a main axis of the gametophore, only the terminal phyllomes are usually parichaetal bracts. The two or three terminal-most perichaetal bracts may fuse to form a gametophytic perianth.
gametophytic perianth
Proposed def'n: A collective phyllome structure that consists of two or more of the most distal parachaetal bracts on a gametophore axis and surround the calyptra (capsule?).
Should it be surrounds the capsule, in case no calyptra is present?
-has_part parachaetal bract, part_of gametophore, disjoint_from perianth (PO:0009058)
Comment: The parachaetal bracts may fuse laterally in the gametophytic perianth. The gametophytic perianth is not the same structure as a perianth (PO:0009058) in angiosperms.
seta
-The stalk of a moss sporophyte.
Proposed def.: A plant axis that that holds up a spore capsule. participates_in sporophytic phase
Comment: Found in mosses.
antheridiophore and archeginiophore
These are stalks that hold up the antheridia or archegonia in Marchantiales
Proposed definitions:
antheridiophore: A plant axis (branch?) that bears antheridia.
participates_in gametophytic phase
Comment: Found in Marchantiales.
archeginiophore: A plant axis (branch?) that bears archegonia.
participates_in gametophytic phase
Comment: Found in Marchantiales.
Cardinal organ parts
Terms requested by MO:
Moss Ontology definition: A membranous or hairy cap or hood that forms from the wall of the archegonium and protects the embryonic sporophyte. It is formed from the archegonium by mitotic divisions, and hence it is haploid. Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition and altered from David Cove.
We also have a request (from PJ) for calyptra, which is part of the fruit in Eucalyptus. That term should be named fruit calyptra (see below under operculum), and this term should be named spore capsule calyptra, to distinguish them.
Proposed name and def.: spore capsule calyptra: A cardinal organ part that develops from cells of the lower part of an archegonium (should we say venter?) and surrounds a sporangium.
Comment: Found in mosses and pteridophytes. The calyptra ia a membranous or hairy cap or hood composed of gametophytic tissue that protects the embryonic sporophyte within the archegonium. In some species, the calyptra may persist after the sporophyte develops and gets carried upward as the seta elongates.
participates_in gametophytic phase, develops_from venter or archegonium?
This term was not suggested by Moss Ontology, but perhaps we should add it.
proposed def.: A cardinal organ part that is the enlarged basal part of an archegonium and has an egg cell located in it.
part_of archegonium
This term was not suggested by Moss Ontology, but perhaps we should add it.
proposed def.: A cardinal organ part that is the elongated apica part of an archegonium.
Comment: Early in development, the neck is occluded by a single row of neck canal cells. At maturity, the neck canal cells disintegrate, creating a canal for the sperm to enter the archegonium.
part_of archegonium
(can also add term for neck canal cell when we deal with cells)
Proposed name and def.: sporangium base: A cardinal organ part that is the basal part of a sporangium.
Comment: Term used in mosses and other bryophytes (what about pteridophytes?). The sporangium base is the sterile part of the sporangium below the theca. If swollen and distinct from the rest of the sporangium, it is called an apophysis or hypophysis. (ref: Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition)
part_of sporangium; Synonyms: sporangium neck, apophysis, hypophysis
Moss Ontology definition: The main body (urn) of a sporangium. Altered from Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition
We already have the term theca (PO:0009069) to describe paired microsporangia in angiosperms. Maybe we should call that anther theca and call this term sporangium theca:.
Proposed name and def.: sporangium theca: A cardinal organ part that is the main body of a sporangium and has spores located in it.
Comment: Term used in mosses and other bryophytes (what about pteridophytes?)
part_of sporangium
Moss Ontology definition: A single or double circle of teeth inside the mouth of a moss sporangium. Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition
proposed definition: A cardinal organ part that is a single or double circle of teeth inside a spore capsule mouth.
Comment: The peristome is located under the operculum, if an operculum is present. Upon maturity of a capsule, the teeth of the peristome open to release the spores.
part_of sporangium
- peristome tooth
Not requested by Moss Ontology, but should add it.
Proposed def: A cardinal organ part that is a single lobe or tooth of a peristome.
part_of peristome
Moss Ontology definition: Either the lid that blocks the capsule mouth or the apical portion of a sporangium that opens during dehiscence. Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition.
We also have a request (from PJ) for operculum, which is part of the fruit in Eucalyptus. That term should be named fruit operculum, and this term should be named spore capsule operculum, to distinguish them.
Proposed name and def.: spore capsule operculum: A cardinal organ part that is the apical part of a spore capsule that separates from the rest of the capsule during dehiscence.
Comment: Found in mosses. May remain partly attached to the rest of the capsule.
Synonym: sporangium lid
part_of sporangium
Also add these terms for angiosperms:
fruit operculum: A cardinal organ part that is the apical part of a capsular fruit that separates from the rest of the capsule (the fruit calyptra) during dehiscence. part_of fruit
Comment: Found in Eucalyptus.
Is is a cardinal organ part (formed from a single carpel) or collective organ part structure (formed from parts of multiple carpels)?
fruit calyptra: A cardinal organ part that is the basal part of a capsular fruit that separates from the fruit operculum during dehiscence. part_of fruit
Comment: Found in Eucalyptus. The calyptra may remain attached to the plant after the fruit operculum dehisces.
Question: is the calyptra actually the base of the fruit, or it is an enlarged hypanthium that surrounds the fruit?
Proposed definition: A plant anatomical space that is the opening on the distal end of a spore capsule.
Comment: The mouth is formed when the operculum separates from the capsule. The mouth may be covered by a peristome.
part_of sporangium
Schofeld says it is a "membranelike expansion of the columella covering most of the mouth of the sporangium in Polytrichidae (hair cap mosses)."
From Crum: "A circular membrane at the tip of the columella to which the peristome teeth of the prolytrichaceae are attached."
Proposed definition: A portion of plant tissue that forms a circular membrane extending from a spore capsule collumella and attached to the ends of the peristome teeth that covers a spore capsule mouth.
Comment: Present in some moss species of the family Polytrichaceae.
Can we be more specific about what kind of tissue it is?
From Crum: "An elongation of the gametophytic axis on which the capsule is borne in Sphagnum and Andreaea."
From Schofeld: "An elongated mass of leafless gaemtophore tissue that pushes the sporophyte beyond the perichaetial leaves (in Andreaea and Sphagnum)."
Proposed definition: A plant axis that is an extension of a gametophore axis on which a spore capsule is borne.
Comment: Raises the sporophyte above the perichaetial bracts. Found in Sphagnum and Andreaea.
participates_in sporophytic phase
Plant Tissues
paraphyllium - Tiny filaments, scales or leaf-like structures scattered on the stems of some leafy bryophytes. Bill and Nancy Malcolm (2006): Mosses and other Bryophytes, an illustrated glossary, second edition (MO definition)
Crum defines them as "Small green outgrowths formed between the leaves on stems and branches of some pleurocarps (mosses that produce archegonia and sporophytes laterally, rather than on the tips of their axes) and a very few leafy liverworts."
Schofield describes paraphyllia as outgrowths of the epidermis, but he also describes leaves that way.
MO has this listed as a plant organ
Proposed definition: A phyllome/portion of plant tissue that is a small outgrowth from the epidermis between the leaves of a gametophore axis.
Comment: Paraphyllia are much smaller than leaves and may be filamentous, scale-like, or leaf-like. Found in pleurocarpous mosses and a few leafy liverworts.
The paraphyllia are the small, dark structures between the leaves.
midrib
rhizoid
archesporium
amphithecium
endothecium
jacket layer
paraphysis
axilliary hair
tmema
Upcoming meetings 2011:
* ICBO 2011 Second International Conference on Biomedical Ontology July 26-30, 2011 Buffalo, New York
LC contributed to the workshop proposal "From Fins to Limbs to Leaves: Facilitating anatomy ontology interoperability" Authors: Melissa Haendel, Chris Mungall, Alan Ruttenberg, David Osumi-Sutherland and Laurel Cooper (Accepted) LC is working with the other organizers to develop the workshop plans and a call for papers.
Full-Day Workshops Schedule:
July 26 9am-6pm The Ontological Representation of Adverse Events: Working with Multiple Biomedical Ontologies
July 27 8.30am-4pm Facilitating Anatomy Ontology Interoperability
July 26 6.30pm-9pm Evening Workshop: Common Logic
July 27 4pm-8pm Evening Workshop: Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Consortium
- LC will attend and represent the PO, will submit a short paper/poster for the workshop (deadline April 1st).
*Plant Biology 2011, Aug 6-10th, Minneapolis, Minn
Early-bird registration ends May 13.
Gramene will be putting together a workshop again, focusing on pathways. PJ will present a PO poster.
Abstract deadlines: Your abstract must be submitted by March 11 if you want it to be considered for a minisymposium talk.
For inclusion on the program memory stick and in the program book, abstracts must be submitted by May 27.
TAIR is organizing an Outreach Booth and we are invited to take part.
* International Botanical Congress (IBC2011)
July 23rd-30th 2011, Melbourne, Australia
Registration is open Important dates
Symposium proposal was accepted, 'Bio-Ontologies for the Plant Sciences' under the Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics theme.
Dennis, Alejandra, Pankaj and Ramona are planning to attend.
Early bird registration deadline - Extended 1 March 2011 Deadline for registration by presenters 1 March 2011
See IBC 2011 Bio-Ontologies Symposium wiki page for more details
